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Karlie Smallwood- Egypt
1. The capital is Cairo.
2. The language is Arabic.
3. Entertainment is mostly board games.
4. Government is Republic.
5. Religion is Islam

Paige Bibey- Argentina
1. A famous legend "The Magic Bean Tree".
2. They have a Republic government.
3. The largest meal of the day is lunch.
4. Labor Day is May 1st in Argentina.
5. They have free education for everyone.

Katara Pennington- France
1. They speak French.
2. A famous author is Victor Hugo, who wrote the Hunchback of Notre Dame.
3. They have a Republic.
4. Cheese and wine are main parts of their diet.
5. They recieve two months off of school for summer.

Dale Scott- Panama
1. Some of the popular toys are marbles and toy cars.
2. The government is a Constitutional Republic.
3. A Popular tourist attraction is the Panama Canal.
4. They go to high school for 3-4 years.
5. Panama is the capital.

Courtney Nuzum- Scotland
1. Their toys are very similar to those in America
2. Basketball and football are popular sports.
3. They typically only go to school until they're 16.
4. Their vacation is referred to as "holiday".
5. The capital is Edenberg.

Jost Stuart- United Kingdom
1. The capital is London.
2. London Bridge is Falling Down was writtin about the London Bridge.
3. Cricket is a very popular sport in the UK.
4. They have a monarchy with a queen.
5. Children go through primary and secondary schooling.

Viola Donegia- Ireland
1. The capital is Dublin.
2. They have over 4 million people.
3. They are predominately Catholic, Christian.
4. They have a Republic and Parliamentary Democracy.
5. Most mealscontain veggies, meat and fish.

Gabrielle Kyle- Bolivia
1. Spanish is the official language.
2. Humpty Dumpty is a famous nursery rhyme in Bolivia.
3. They are a Republic.
4. They mainly meat and poultry, as well as vegetables.
5. They have a carnival on February 19th.

Abby Suder- Madagascar
1. Population is about 20.1 million.
2. A famous nursery rhyme is Roll the Dough.
3. Government is a Republic.
4. They eat rice with every meal.
5. Christmas and Easter are both celebrated widely in Madagascar.

Chase Swick- Venezuela
1. The population is well over 600 million.
2. Spanish is the main language.
3. Traditional toys are marbles, tops, and yoyos.
4. Their government is a Federal Republic.
5. In 1811 Venezuela declared its independance.

Sara Cleavenger- Sweden
1. Population is about 9,800,000.
2. Children play with marbles and dolls for entertainment.
3. Fish is a large part of their diet.
4. They don't put their Christmas tree up until 1-2 days before Christmas.
5. Stockholm was founded in 1292.

Kelsea Pingley- El Salvador
1. The capital is San Salvador.
2. They speak Spanish mainly.
3. Their most famous literature is poetry.
4. Their toys are very similar to those in America.
5. Children and the elderly typically drink coffee while teens usually drink soda.

Maximinus Thrax

     On March 20, 235 A.D. I, Gaius Julius Verus Maximinus Augustus, more commonly known as Maximinus Thrax or Maximinus I, became emperor of Rome. I was the first emperor of foreign blood, being a Thracian. No one knows exactly when I was born or who my parents were. The best guesses to date are 173 A.D. with my parents being a Gothic man and an Alanic mother. I was born to a low ranking family and joined the military. I eventually rose to become a general of a squad of Ponnonian warriors. They became angry with Emperor Alexander due to his payments to the Alemanni and his avoidance of war. The senate looked upon me as a barbarian due to my military background and massive stature. Even so, this could not stop them when my squad and I assassinated Alexander and the Praetorian Guard pronounced me emperor.
     The senators were very unhappy to have a peasant as an emperor, and I angered them more by promoting my son Maximus to Caesar. I disliked the nobility and if there was even the slightest suspicion of a plot against me, I had any of the suspected executed. I immediately eliminated many of the close advisors of Alexander. It turned out later that my ruthless executions proved to be beneficial to my life. In my extreme caution I managed too foil two plots against my life.
     My rule is often referred to as the beginning of the Crisis of the Third Century. The main reason is because the Senate was so focused on removing me they left some matter unattended and truly began the toward the end of my reign. My first action was to appease the military's wishes and go to war with the Alemanni. We won though suffering heavy casualties. This was when I raised my son Maximus to Caesar, and Prince of Youths, and also deified my late wife Paulina. I then launched a second assault into Germania easily defeating a large Germanic tribe and essentially securing the German Frontier for awhile. Finally I set up camp in Pannonia and fought the Dacians and Sarmatians during the winter of 235 A.D. and early 236 A.D.
     Early in 238, in Africa, a treasury official's extortions through false judgments in corrupt courts against some local landowners ignited a full-scale civil war in the province. The local landowners finally claimed victory and entered the offending official's office and murdered him then appointed Gordian I and Gordian II as co-emperors. The senate took this opportunity to remove me from power and appointed them the title of Augustus. I immediately gathered my army and marched against my own empire of Rome. When I arrived they closed the gates to me and my army. Meanwhile a neighboring province to Africa marched on the revolt and put it down killing Gordian II, and causing Gordian I to hang himself with his belt. This greatly jeopardised the Senate so they appointed two new men as co-emperors, Pupienus and Balbinus. Then a revolt of the citizens forced to elect a third man, Gordian III as Caesar.
     Finally, late in 238 A.D. my troops were faltering in their attempts due to famine and disease. One night a group of my own men, Parthica II, assassinated me. They finally grew tired of my constant warring, even though I had doubled their pay. Many of my decisions helped the military but hurt the citizens due to much higher taxes that were required for my nearly constant warring and the military pay raise. Many of my policies were not great and I may not have been the greatest emperor but I did capture a lot of new territory and secure the German frontier. Some of my decisions could have been better and maybe helped more than just the military but I was very satisfied with my rule and feel that I achieved my goals of making military life better,

Christmas Project Notes

Faith Cline, Botswana: 1. Exchange gifts after midnight
2. Dress up in nicest clothes
3. Two types of education, primary and secondary

Dale Scott, Costa Rica: 1. Decorate Christmas trees
2. Most are Catholic and attend church on Christmas
3. More teachers than police officers in Costa Rica

Lindsay Crowther, Bosnia: 1. Celebrate Christmas with a traditional stuffed turkey
2. Grandfather Frost delivers presents
3. All children must attend school of some kind

Mark Hill, Norway/Brazil: 1. They make baskets of colored paper to hang on a Christmas tree
2. They bring porridge to a statue of a gnome
3. Children walk around asking for cookies on Christmas day
John Terwilliger, Romania/England: 1. Children make stars from paper
2. Celebrate from December 24 to January 7
3. Free schooling, schools are similar to those of America

Daniel Ware, Turkey: 1. Christmas lasts 20-30 days
2. There is no eating smoking or drinking during this time
3. They fast from sunset to sunrise

Caleb Hudkins, Zimbabwe: 1. Very festive, begin celebrating a month before Christmas
2. Host feasts on Christmas Eve
3. Education consists of 5 levels

Josh Stuart, Brazil: 1. Create nativity scenes
2. Santa Claus is Father Noel in Brazil
3. Primary school last 7 years

Courtney Nuzum, Australia: 1. Very similar Christmas as America, Christmas trees, feasts, etc.
2. Education is compulsory and free
3. College is shorter but longer days

Hannah Greg, Philippines: 1. Celebreation starts on December 16
2. Education is very important for ages 7-13
3. Private schools are modern and contain several American teachers

Gabrielle Kyle, Ireland: 1.Must write a play, work for charity, or produce a magazine to graduate
2. Santa Claus is typically known as Santy
3. Leave a carrot for Rudolph traditionally

Abby Suder, Bolivia: 1. Very religious Christmas
2. Fireworks are set off in cities
3. Education is divided into 4 levels

Viola Donegia, Thailand: 1. Students do not get the day off
2. Most of Thailand is Buddhist so Christmas is not widely celebrated
3. Uniforms are required in schools

Sara Cleavenger, New Zealand: 1. Celebrate Christmas twice a year
2. Santa is referred to as Father Christmas
3. Education system is rated 7th in the world

Menu

     Starting off we'll have an appetizer of eggs with a light layer of melted cheese with raw oysters and sliced pears on the side.
     Next we will have a salad containing lettuce, fresh mint, dates, assorted nuts, coriander, and parsley with a light coating of olive oil and vineger.
     For the main course we will have a dish consisting of pork, lamb, and chicken with a side of baked mushrooms, assorted fruits, and shrimp.
     After the main course we'll have a light soup with mushrooms and parsley as well as a side of bread.
     For the next course we will have roasted ostrich with a light drizzle of garum sauce with bread and fruit.
     Before dessert we will have dormouse stuffed with minced pork and various vegetables, also served with bread.
     Finally, for dessert we'll have cheese combined with flour, honey and egg into a batter that then baked until it had risen like a soufflé. When set, the dessert was brushed with honey, topped with poppy seeds and served on a plate and eaten with a spoon. This dish is similar to modern day cheesecake.
      Various wines will accompany all meals.

Invitation

You're invited to a
Dinner Party!!

Host: Publius Poling

Theme: Coliseum Fighters

Come and join the festivities as if it were the coliseum! Dress like a fighter or a spectator. The entry hall into the living room will look like you're walking down into the coliseum to fight. There will be curtains hung like a gate that you will walk through into the living room dressed just like the coliseum. Then we will proceed into the dining hall/ which will look like a traditional dining hall. After we finish the meal we will return to the Coliseum-like living room to enjoy the festivities. Please feel free to come and enjoy the food and festivities!!

Guest List
1. Balpina Cline
2. Tertia Smallwood
3. Dylan
4. Agnipeinia Nuzum
5. Gnaeus Hill 
6. Sextus Terwilliger
7. Pliny Hawkins
8. Serbius Stuart
9. Spartacus Scott
10. Camilla Robinson

Studying abroad in Greece

     Greece's education goes in three stages, primary, secondary, and tertiary. Primary education is divided into kindergarten lasting one or two years, then primary school lasts six years. Secondary is seperated into two section, Gymnasio, or middle school, which lasts three years and Lykeio, or high school. After Lykeio students have the option of attending a university, polytechnics, technilogical education institute, or an academy. Academies are usually for military or the clergy. An undergraduate course lasts four years typically, five years in polytechnics and some art schools, and six years in medical schools. Postgraduate courses last one to two years and a doctorate last three to six years.
     You must be at least six years of age to begin attending school. All public schools and universities require no tuition and textbooks are provided free. There is no failing a grade but any students who fall behind must take remedial courses aside from their regular schooling, similar to summer school in the United States. When students reach the Gymnasio section of education they may either go into a general gymnasium which is automatic or pass an exam of either music, sports, art, science or clergy. Required courses throughout all grades include, Modern Greek Language, Modern Greek Literature, Ancient Greek Language, Ancient Greek Literature, Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Social and Political Studies, Physical Education, Art, Music, Religion, History, Computer Studies, Technology, English, 2nd foreign language, School Vocational Guidance, Economics, Geography. Some others are offered but these are required.
     Greek schools are similar to the those in the United States. They go five days a week and start and end around the same time most American schools do. They are different in that they only go to school between four and eight hours depending on the grade and courses the student is taking. Its also different that they go one more year in primary school, or elementary school in America.
     A typical day in school in Greece begins with starting class at 8:15 and you will go through your courses which may include any of the ones listed above which may last between thirty and forty-five minutes. After each class you get a five to ten minute break. Once a month you take a walk and a trip to a museum, monument, etc. Classes vary daily because you need so many hours of every class a week in order to pass. That's a typical day for a high school student in Greece.

Christmas in Zambia

Facts about Christmas in Zambia
1. Many churchs show nativity scenes for several days before Christmas.
2. One or two days before Christmas locals begin caroling for charity donations.
3. On Christmas day children are encouraged to bring presents to church for less fortunate children or children in the hospital.
4. After church it is a custom that adults go to one house and children to another to have parties and feasts.
5. Decorations donated by citizens of the towns are usually spread along buildings throughout town.

Plum Pudding Recipe, Zambian Christmas dessert

Ingredients:

1 cup whole wheat flour

2 1/2 cups fresh bread crumbs

4 ounces shredded suet

3 eggs, beaten

1 small carrot, grated

1 apple - peeled, cored and shredded

1/2 cup dark brown sugar

1/2 cup chopped blanched almonds

2 ounces preserved stem ginger in syrup, chopped

1/8 cup ground almonds

1/2 cup chopped walnuts

3/8 cup halved candied cherries

1/3 cup raisins

3/8 cup dried currants

3/8 cup golden raisins

4 ounces candied mixed fruit peel, chopped

4 plums, pitted and chopped

1 lemon, juiced and zested

1 1/2 teaspoons mixed spice

3/4 teaspoon baking powder

1/2 cup ale

Directions:

1. In a large bowl, combine flour, bread crumbs, suet, eggs, carrot, apple, brown sugar, chopped blanched almonds, stem ginger, ground almonds, cherries, raisins, currants, golden raisins, mixed peel, plums, lemon juice and zest, mixed spice, baking powder and ale. Let each family member take a turn stirring and make a wish. If you have used more dry fruit than fresh, add a little extra ale to make the mixture less stiff.
2. Grease 2 large or 4 small pudding basins. Fill with pudding mixture about 7/8 full. Cover tightly with greased waxed paper, then foil; secure with string. Stand pudding on a trivet in a large pot of boiling water that reaches halfway up the sides of the pudding basin. Steam puddings over medium-low heat in boiling water 10 hours for large puddings, 5 hours for small puddings, topping off water regularly until quite firm and set.
3. If not serving immediately, let cool completely, then replace covers with fresh waxed paper and foil and store in a cool, dry place, basting from time to time with rum or brandy, for up to 3 months. To serve, reheat by steaming 2 to 3 hours.